I think everyone knows the story of the Cuban missile crisis. In October of 1962, JFK learned that the Soviets had put nuclear missiles in Cuba. This especially frightened him, because he spent so much time at his Mother’s house in West Palm Beach that in 1960, the US government installed a Presidential Emergency Facility on Peanut Island, Dubbed Detachment Hotel. It was a 1500 square foot bomb shelter, designed to house the President and his family in the event of a nuclear war.
We came so close to nuclear war that the decision of one man is all that stood between the world and a full nuclear exchange. Captain Savitsky, the commander of the Soviet B-59 submarine had loaded and armed a nuclear torpedo on October 27, 1962. That night, he had surfaced the boat to charge his batteries, and was surrounded by US forces demanding that he surrender. Believing that he was under attack, he ordered a crash dive and the firing of the nuclear weapon. The only reason it didn’t happen was that he couldn’t dive fast enough. That’s how close we came.
But why did the Soviets put nuclear weapons in Cuba? That’s the part of the story that the Americans have never really liked talking about. The Jupiter missile was a nuclear armed, medium range ballistic missile. With a range of 1700 hundred miles, this missile could deliver a 3.75 megaton nuclear warhead within 1000 feet of its aiming point. Almost, as they say, only counts in atom bombs, hand grenades, and horseshoes.
In 1961 and 1962, the US put 15 of these missiles in Turkey, near the town of Izmir, just 1300 miles from Moscow and 45 missiles were located in Italy. This put 60 nuclear missiles just 15 minutes’ flight time from Moscow. Launch detection satellites were still 6 years into the future, so these missiles would be detonating all over the Soviets’ command and control systems before anyone knew the attack was coming.
The Soviets did the only reasonable thing from their point of view- in May of 1962, they reciprocated by putting their own missiles within the same distance of Washington, DC in Cuba. That is what led us to the brink of nuclear war in the fall of 1962.
The resolution of the entire thing included an agreement for the US to remove the missiles from Italy and Turkey. Part of the deal included the Soviets agreeing to keep the existence and removal of the Jupiter missiles a secret from the US public. The operation to remove them was called Operation Pot Pie. The missiles were pulled out of Turkey, but the US still maintains a stockpile of as many as 50 nuclear weapons in Turkey to this day.
The US government has a long history of bumbling through the world, screwing up, but then making the other nation’s reaction to the screw up look like aggression. Name nearly any warlike event of the past century, and it is likely that actions taken by the US government precipitated them. Sometimes it was just inept bungling, sometimes it was deliberate provocation, but our government’s own poor actions resulted in Americans getting killed. A sampling: